Thursday, 26 October 2017

Precision medicine: From ‘one-size-fits-all’ to personalized healthcare

Precision medicine From traditional to personalized healthcare
Imagine a future in which, rather than using symptoms to identify a disease, your genes, metabolism, and gut microbiome inform how your individual health is managed. This is the vision of precision medicine.
Traditional medicine uses symptoms to diagnose diseases, and drugs to treat these symptoms. But precision medicine aims to turn this concept on its head.
By identifying the factors that predispose a person to a particular disease and the molecular mechanisms that cause the condition, treatment and prevention strategies can be tailored to each individual. 
So, how do we get from traditional to precision medicine? Advances in genetics and molecular analysis techniques have been a deciding factor, as has getting patients involved with managing their own health.
However, is precision medicine going to revolutionize how we treat all medical conditions, or will it be the privilege of a select few?

Innovation drives precision medicine

To the National Institutes of Health (NIH), “[P]recision medicine is a revolutionary approach for disease prevention and treatment that takes into account individual differences in lifestyle, environment, and biology.”
Launched by President Barack Obama in 2015, the Precision Medicine Initiative “will pioneer a new model of patient-powered research that promises to accelerate biomedical discoveries and provide clinicians with new tools, knowledge, and therapies to select which treatments will work best for which patients.”
Breakthroughs in molecular biology have been key to getting precision medicine off the ground.
Next-generation DNA sequencing is now routinely used to identify genetic mutations that drive specific cancers, and biomarkers that predict disease risk or how well a person will respond to a particular treatment are increasingly becoming reality in medical practice.
Cancer is the one area wherein precision medicine seems to be making significant headway. New therapies seek to target the specific cellular pathway that is being exploited by a cancer, with the view to making short the life of the tumor.
This approach is already being employed in clinical trials to treat patients with melanoma who have a mutation in the BRAF gene, as Medical News Today reported recently.
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Wednesday, 25 October 2017

Understanding Kidney Tumours

Kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located on the left and right side of the spine. They sit against the back muscles in the upper abdominal cavity. They are responsible for the extraction of waste from the blood, balancing body fluids, formation of urine, and facilitating other important functions of the body.
Kidney tumours are tumours (or growths) on or in a kidney and are also known as renal tumours. They can be benign (harmless) or malignant (leading to cancer).
Understanding Kidney Tumours.jpg
There are many forms of kidney tumours. Among the malignant types, the most commonly occurring type of kidney cancer is Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC), accounting for 95% of cases in adults. The other types are Mesoblastic Nephroma (a congenital tumour, detected prenatally or after birth, before the age of 4), and Metastatic tumour or ovarian cancer. Among the benign forms of tumours are Renal Oncocytoma (a tumour made by special cells called oncocytes), Cystic Nephroma (a benign tumour that can look like an RCC and has cysts), Angiomyolipoma (most common form of benign tumours, though they can cause blood vessels to dilate and burst, leading to bleeding), Metanephric Adenoma (a rare tumour that can look like a papillary RCC) and Renal Medullary Fibroma (bland spindle-shaped or stellate-shaped cells that form a benign tumour).
Any problem with the kidneys is usually accompanied by symptoms such as difficulty in passing urine, blood in urine, pain in the abdomen, etc. However, not all kidney problems are caused by tumours. The tumours can be detected through:
1) Blood and urine tests
2) Imaging tests such as CT and MRI scans
3) Biopsy (removing a sample tissue of the kidney)
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Wednesday, 2 August 2017

Understanding 21 CFR Part 11 compliance for software validation and SaaS/Cloud


Understanding 21 CFR Part 11 compliance for software validation and SaaSCloud4
Software as a Service, SaaS is a method of delivering applications over the Internet. This small definition just about summarizes the core of SaaS: It provides Software as a Service using just the Internet. SaaS applications go by different nomenclatures such as on-demand software, hosted software, or web-based software.
SaaS is a fundamentally different method of delivering applications, because when a client chooses SaaS; there is no need to install and maintain software. It can be accessed with just an Internet connection. SaaS applications can be run on the provider’s servers. Since it is the provider who takes over the responsibility of managing all aspects of the application, such as making it available and secure, and also for its performance; the client is spared the headache of having to manage unfamiliar and often complex software and hardware.
This sunny side of SaaS appeals to many clients, which is the primary reason for which SaaS is a huge market. From over $ 10 billion in 2011 in the US; the global SaaS market is set to grow to around $ 120 billion by 2019. Speculated to grow at a CAGR of anywhere between 18 and 24 percent; SaaS is estimated to make up more than one fifth of all software services by that year.
The difficult side of SaaS
Understanding 21 CFR Part 11 compliance for software validation and SaaSCloud2
This makes the prospects for the SaaS market very bright. However, there is a catch: Most SaaS providers outsource their resources to cut costs. This activity exposes them to the seamy side of this exploding market. Most regulations such as 21 CFR Part 11 are only for the provider, and very little of these are for the vendor. Since there is very less regulation that will offer safeguards to the user from the vendor; the onus of ensuring compliance for both infrastructure qualification and Computer System Validation lies with the regulated company, for it is they who have to show compliance with the regulations and prevent issues relating to availability, performance and protection of data.
Failure in doing so hurts their reputation, because it is they, and not the vendor, that is regulated. This regulated provider is the one that becomes the target of FDA inspections on software validation and should hence do everything it can to avoid FDA actions such as Warning Letters and 483’s. There is thus a major need for regulated companies, software vendors and SaaS/cloud providers to show compliance with 21 CFR Part 11 and other regulations such as Annex 11. This is the only way to avoid legal and other issues associated with noncompliance.
Learn the ways of staying compliant
Understanding 21 CFR Part 11 compliance for software validation and SaaSCloud1
How do regulated companies, software vendors and SaaS or cloud providers ensure compliance and safeguard and enhance their reputation as trustworthy providers? It is this critical issue that will be discussed threadbare at a very useful and educative two-day seminar that is being organized by GlobalCompliancePanel, a highly regarded provider of professional trainings for the regulatory industries.
At this seminar, David Nettleton, who is an industry leader, author, and teacher for 21 CFR Part 11, Annex 11, HIPAA, software validation, and Computer System Validation, will be the Director.
Want to understand how David explains the way by which regulated companies can offer legally compliant SaaS and cloud solutions? Then please register for this seminar by logging on to Understanding 21 CFR Part 11 compliance for software validation and SaaS/Cloud. This seminar has been pre-approved by RAPS as eligible for up to 12 credits towards a participant’s RAC recertification upon full completion.
Demonstrating proven techniques
Understanding 21 CFR Part 11 compliance for software validation and SaaSCloud5
The purpose of this seminar is to demonstrate proven techniques for reducing costs associated with implementing, using, and maintaining computer systems in regulated environments. Towards imparting this, David will address the latest computer system industry standards for data security, data transfer, audit trails, electronic records and signatures, software validation, and Computer System Validation.
With the FDA performing both GxP and Part 11 inspections; the EMA has released an updated Annex 11 regulation that expands Part 11 requirements and companies must update their systems and processes to maintain compliance. David will discuss this. He will give participants an understanding of the specific requirements associated with local and SaaS/cloud hosting solutions.
Validation in a number of specialized areas
Since almost every computerized system used in laboratory, clinical, manufacturing settings and in the quality process has to be validated; the ways by which they can decrease software implementation times and lower costs using a 10-step risk-based approach to Computer System Validation will be imparted. The Director will review recent FDA inspection trends and discuss how to streamline document authoring, revision, review, and approval.
Anyone who uses computer systems to perform their job functions in the regulatory, clinical and IT areas of health care, clinical trial, biopharmaceutical, and medical device sectors will find this seminar highly useful. It is of high value for software vendors, auditors, and quality staff involved in GxP applications.

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